OEM&Lieferant Ausgabe 2/2020

107 it can even tell the manufacturers which programs to use for producing the parts. The unique manufacturing expertise is thus transmitted to the MaaS platform without anybody taking notice. From IOSB’s point of view, this scenario poses, as a matter of fact, a threat to small and medium-sized European manufacturers as they increasingly depend on the relevant platform. They are no longer in direct contact with their customers and owing to maximum transparency, competition is reflected almost exclusively in the price. To date, this is mostly true for commodities, which means standard parts. However, it is conceivable that other manufacturing procedures will be traded on the platforms. Major providers of such plat- forms include Protolabs and Xometry from the United States or Haizol fromChina; in Germany, there are some platforms, too, which were usually founded as start-ups. From IOSB’s perspective, the main question is whether data from production lines and factories are passed on to third parties only in specific cases of application. The control of the use of the data has to remain with the owner of the geometries and/or the relevant manu- facturer. For this reason, IOSB supports the aspirations of the International Data Spaces Association (IDSA), which is establishing the Industrial Data Space (IDS) as a secure and sovereign net-work for data exchange. Using IDS features, the data can be protected by means of usage tracking, so further usage by third parties can be traced. For instance, it is not only possible to restrict the persons re- ceiving the data but also the way in which the data is processed. IOSB has already developed the first connectors, e. g. for OPC UA, including major IDS features. The Graphic shows an exemplary process il- lustrating at what points in data exchange the connectors are used. Even within the process of a single company offering parts on a MaaS-platforms, there are various inter- faces – between customer and platform, be- tween platform and manufacturer as well as his assets or between platform and logistics service providers. In addition, there is a vari- ety of sensitive data, ranging from the cus- tomer order and the parts geometry to the feature descriptions of the assets and their lifecycle data. All this data are part models of digital twins. Of course, these part models are also ex- changed between numerous organizations – which means that data sovereignty, distrib- uted data management and distributed learn- ing form the basic principles of a trustworthy European-style data economy. GAIA-X [3] , the new digital eco-system for Europe, provides infrastructure and services for various appli- cations and use cases to ensure this very data sovereignty for medium-sized manufactur- ers. The objectives of GAIA-X for the produc- tion ‘domain‘ include the protection against the disruptive threats posed by central data collectors such as MaaS platforms and the creation of rules ensuring that every partic- ipant retains the sovereignty over their sen- sitive data. Nobody in Germany can seriously be interested in (foreign) MaaS platforms col- lecting all geometry files of their customers, which may afterwards be evaluated so the condensed manufacturing know-how can be stored there. [1] Jasperneite, J.; Niggemann, O.: Die Automatisierung verträgt keine Disruption. Interview in der atp 08/2018. [2] www.smartfactoryweb.de [3] www.bmwi.de/Redaktion/DE/Dossier/gaia-x.html industrial internet CONSORTIUM https://hub.iiconsortium.org/ smart-factory-web WebLog für die Industrie 4.0-Community www.industrie40.blog SmartFactory Web www.smartfactoryweb.de Websites Dr.-Ing. Olaf Sauer Dr.-Ing. Olaf Sauer Automation business unit/ Deputy Institute Director Digital BusinessCard International exhibition and conference on the next generation of manufacturing technologies Frankfurt, Germany, 10 – 13 November 2020 Hybrid, safe, successful together. formnext.com Additive manufacturing surrounds a whole world of processes. Instead of a world tour you only need one ticket – for Formnext! Where ideas take shape. The entire world of additive manufacturing Offical event hashtag #formnext Not able to travel? Join us virtually! Design and software Materials Manufacturing solutions Post-processing R&D Pre-processing Metrology Services